The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), home to vast deposits of cobalt, copper, and lithium essential to global energy markets, is grappling with systemic challenges in its mining sector. On November 13, 2024, Vital Kamerhe, the President of the National Assembly, proposed convening a national mining forum (“états généraux des mines”) to address corruption, illegal resource exploitation, and governance issues that continue to undercut the industry’s potential.
Kamerhe’s proposal comes amid mounting criticism of senior officials, including lawmakers and ministers, who have allegedly acquired mining permits for personal gain. He also denounced the role of illegal operators, referred to as “protecteurs illégaux,” who shield illicit mining activities. The Congolese mining industry remains plagued by entrenched problems such as environmental degradation, child labor, unsafe working conditions, and a pervasive lack of regulatory enforcement.
Illegal Mining and Revenue Losses 
Despite ongoing reform efforts, the sector continues to struggle with illegal extraction and smuggling. In a recent parliamentary session, Mines Minister Kizito Pakabomba highlighted the extent of these challenges, particularly in the North Kivu province. The region, rich in gold deposits, has become a hub for unauthorized mining and cross-border smuggling operations that deprive Congo of critical revenues. These activities not only weaken the government’s ability to generate income but also fuel criminal networks and perpetuate instability in mining regions.
While Congo’s mining resources account for a significant share of its export earnings, the government has struggled to ensure that these revenues translate into broader economic benefits. Political instability, community resistance, and inadequate oversight have slowed the implementation of reforms aimed at improving governance and regulating operations.
Push for Structural Reforms
Kamerhe’s call for a national mining forum reflects a growing consensus on the need for structural change. The proposed initiative seeks to bring together government officials, private sector representatives, and civil society to establish clearer rules of engagement, curb corruption, and improve enforcement mechanisms. Advocates see it as an opportunity to rebuild confidence in the sector and align the country’s mining policies with global standards.
Key objectives of the forum include formalizing artisanal mining practices, strengthening oversight of mining permits, and addressing local grievances over resource distribution. By prioritizing governance and accountability, the DRC aims to attract investment in sustainable and socially responsible mining projects.
The stakes are high. With global demand for critical minerals soaring, particularly for use in electric vehicle batteries and renewable energy technologies, Congo is uniquely positioned to benefit. However, unless the government can tackle the underlying structural flaws in the sector, the country risks losing out on an opportunity to leverage its resources for long-term economic growth
